Database of all historic Events

this is database of historic events with description and details and links of wikipedia pages
database of all deaths in January   January.sql

Note: this is only the deaths of famous personalities happened in january if someone want to get all the historic events database please feel free to comment

Fault Lines: Schools in FATA

This is how schools look like in FATA(Federally Administered Tribal Areas) Pakistan. Here Kids are keen to get education but the system won't allow them to.

it is not only the system but the people are equally responsible. 

Arm race between India and Pakistan and its impacts on strategic instability in South Asia

Introduction

The  arms race is a competition for supremacy in nuclear non nuclear weapon between the the two or more than two countries .In this  regarding , South Asia is the flashpoint of the world due to the arm race between India and Pakistan.

The South Asia has always been very important region in the world due to its sensitive geographical location. India and Pakistan are two major countries of this region, which came into being in the year of 1947 as a result of the division of Sub-Continent .Both countries have strong affect on south Asia,  Both India and Pakistan  had never been cordial relationship with each other because of various issues. There had always  been a suspicion, hatred and distrust kind of situation between them . since 1947 Tense and hostile situation has been existing between these two countries, as a result of which both faced  three wars and various crises and disputes between them ,and that’s why there is trend of arm race from both sides.^[1] The two long-time South Asian rivals, are engaged in the world's most active nuclear arms race  . In May 1998, both India and Pakistan had tested their nuclear devices and the region as a result of South Asia became a nuclear flashpoint.^[2] Although Pakistan and India are two traditional hostile countries but both have also solved many disputes through negotiation and still having agreements peace talks to resolve different issues. But the tens and suspensions and mistrust is existing  on both sides. As a major Nuclear powers of  South Asia, both have strong influence on region and both countries does strongly mater in the stability and instability of the region.

Historical Background

Pakistan and India have always been found in hostile situations sense independence. The two countries have always been found to be engaged with some kind of disputes. Due to these kinds of situations the two countries face three major wars. South Asia became a nuclear flashpoint when the two rivals succeeded to be nuclear power in 1998

In South Asia, India and Pakistan have been engaged in a technological nuclear arms race since the 1970s. The nuclear competition started in 1974 with India detonating the device, codename Smiling Buddha, at the Pokhran region of the Rajasthan state. The Indian government termed this test as a "peaceful nuclear explosion", but according to independent sources, it was actually part of an accelerated covert nuclear program of India.

This test generated great concern and doubts in Pakistan, with fear it would be at the mercy of its long–time arch rival. Pakistan had its own covert atomic bomb projects in 1972 which extended over many years since the first Indian weapon was detonated. After the 1974 test, Pakistan's atomic bomb program picked up a great speed and accelerated its atomic project to successfully build its own atomic weapons program. In the last few decades of the 20th century, India and Pakistan began to develop nuclear-capable rockets and nuclear military technologies. Finally, in 1998 India, under Atal Bihari Vajpayee government, test detonated 5 more nuclear weapons. While the international response to the detonation was muted, domestic pressure within Pakistan began to build steam and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ordered the test, detonated 6 nuclear war weapons in a tit-for-tat fashion and to act as a deterrent.

Research Questions

·         Is there any chance of a nuclear conflict breaking out in South Asia after the overt nuclearization of India and Pakistan ?.

·         What are the factors that keep India and Pakistan from stopping or reversing its nuclear weapon program?.

·         How arm race between India and Pakistan can effect the strategic instability in South Asia?.

·         Is there any way to put an end to the arm race between the two countries ?.

·         What are the benefits and drawbacks of arm race for the both countries ?.

Objectives

The objectives of this paper is to analyze the nature of the arm race between India and Pakistan, and to find out the causes and drawbacks and benefits  of arm race .to examine the strategic instability in South Asia due to the arms race between India and Pakistan, and to find out any possible solution to bring out the both countries of this madness of arm race

Research methodology

For this paper work I will mostly collect data from concern books. I will also collect data from journals, magazines, news papers , and related article and research papers. For this research work I will also get help from internet by searching different related websites. Interviews of concern doctors and professors of Peshawar University and other universities will also be included in this paper work. I will also get help of my class fellows and friends and family members in collecting related materials and will get suggestions regarding to the research work.     

Literature review

The topic: (Arm race between India and Pakistan and its implication on strategic instability of south Asia) has been discussed by many writers. A very famous Indian writer (Dhumitra Chakma) has put light on arm race between India and Pakistan and its Effects on south Asia very briefly. In his book (south Asia’s nuclear security) he examined the internal and external causes and consequences of nuclear arm race between the two countries and its effects on south Asia, In his another book (strategic dynamics nuclear weapons proliferation in south Asia) he analyse that India and Pakistan’s decision to go nuclear against the odds of nuclear non-proliferation treaty based nuclear order. It reflects upon the factors that contributed to, and the process that prompted India and Pakistan’s nuclear programs to take a military orientation, which eventually culminated in the May, 1998 nuclear tests. It also explains the situation which underscored both India and Pakistan’s determination to advance nuclear postures in 1998 that appeared to be inconsistent with the post cold war global strategic involvement. Further his book explains why international and regional nuclear non proliferation regimes were effective and preventing India and Pakistan from going nuclear.

Although he did not discussed that wither the to countries go for can go for nuclear war or not  ? ,and is there any possibility to bring arm race to an end. But the work is still well enough for the related topic and very useful.

Suggested books

1)      Chakma,Bhumitra.(Dec 2014).South Asia nuclear security.2 park squre UK:Routledge publishers.

2)      Perkovich,George.(1999).India’s nuclear bomb:The impact on global proliferation.New Delhi India:Oxford university press.

3)      Shahi,Agha.(1988).Pakistan’s security and foreign policy. publishers Zaildar inhhra Lahor Pakistan:Progressive  publishers.

Journals

1)      Dalton, Toby.(2012).Understanding the arm race in South Asia.Washington,D.C:Carnegie Endowment for international peace publications department.

·         www.CarnegieEndowment.org/pubs.com

2)      Strategic stability in South Asia with Brig(R)Feroz Hassan Khan.

At; www.cpakgulf.org.com

News papers

Syed,sajjad.(Jan 30,2015).Sartaj sees arm race in South Asia after India-US agreement.DAWN.

Ali, Iftikhar.(Nov 24,2014).Pakistan-India nuclear arm race unabated.The Nation.

  

Street Children’s Issues and the Role of SPARC

5.1     CONCLUSION:

          The conclusion drawn from these case histories showed that most of the children are compelled by their parents to work because of their financial problems. Due to their poor economic status, these children came out for work to support their families and are unable to get education. Therefore the main hurdle in their education is poverty and compelling behavior of their parents toward labor in their early ages. SPARC organization plays a key role in the improvement and education of many children’s especially street children’s.That is why most of the street children take active part in influential their families, communities and environment after SPARC facilitations. SPARC authority make this possible to brought street children to Drop in Center (DIC) and provide Psycho social support, education, recreation and food and hygiene to street children. Through the program of mainstreaming, DIC providing admissions to street children in different government schools after providing basic education. DIC provides education to these children with the help of flash cards, charts, alphabetical building blocks, animated movies and games. DIC also provides skill of making handicrafts, dress making, making shopping bags, lather work and candles making. These skills are especially for female children. After 6^th months of training children skills are tested and awarded them with certificates. But most of these skilful children waste their skills because of no machines and equipments. So it is necessary that government and other NGOs provide these equipments to serve their future.

The current studies and literature cited showed that 60% of such children do not get education. Out of them 20% are in fear of corporal punishment and dishearted to join schools. Only 20% of the children among the current study are getting education.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

Ø  Education is the only solution to build the bright future of children’s.

Ø  If parents are unable to support their education then it is better to handover children’s to SPARC to improve their education, psycho social status and recreation for better society

Ø  There should be friendly environment among SPARC staff members and street children’s.

Ø  Awareness regards SPARC and its services should be raised in people.

Ø  The government of Pakistan should also support the Drop-on Centre of SPARC.

Ø  Government should support and encourage the activities of organization which is working for the betterment of children. 

Street Children’s Issues and the Role of SPARC

INTRODUCTION TO SPARC

SPARC is Pakistan’s leading child rights organization. It works on a broad range of child rights issues, addressing the overall system and policy framework, with added focus on specific thematic areas of special importance to children.

SPARC’s work is guided by international human rights principles and standards which are integrated at policy and program level. The main guiding documents include the UNCRC (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) and relevant ILO Conventions.

2.2       HISTORY OF SPARC

SPARC an independent non-governmental organization was registered as a society in Pakistan in December 1992. It has been working utterly on child related issues since that time. It’s inspired from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The establishment of SPARC was done to act as an advocacy group for child rights. Initially the work of SPARC was based on small issues such as baby milk and food problems but nowadays their main focus includes other issues such as child labor, juvenile justice, education and violence against children. SPARC has also been working on issues that ultimately affect the condition of children in this country, such as corruption, freedom of association and the “myth or reality” of NGOs.

SPARC has been involved actively in introducing the concept of child rights and in raising issues that were formerly not part of the national debate in Pakistan. While realizing the importance of maintaining its independence, SPARC has found it useful to employ the government to persuade it to keep commitments and bring about legislative changes where necessary.

2.3       SPARC ACHIEVEMENTS

1.	SPARC wrote for UNICEF the publication titled Pakistani Laws and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which encouraged the Government in finally deciding to sign the UN CRC;
2.	It drafted Pakistan’s response to the Concluding Observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child after its consideration of Pakistan’s first report to the Committee.
3.	SPARC was the only Pakistani NGO that submitted an Alternative Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in 2003.
4.	It played a key role in the drafting and later endorsement of the Protection of Breastfeeding and Young Child Nutrition Ordinance 2002.
5.	It was actively involved in getting the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000 enacted and the Rules subsequently notified in all four Provinces.
6.	It secured the release of juvenile prisoners through several Presidential Orders by working through its Board Member and then Federal Minister for Social Welfare, DrAttiyaInnayatullah;
7.	It Improves the conditions of juvenile sections of jails and provide other basic facilities such as water coolers, fans, exhaust fans, indoor games and books to children in jail.
8.	SPARC played a vital role in the notification of Rules under the Employment of Children Act 1991 in the Frontier Province.
9.	SPARC played a key role in getting the Employment of Children Rules extended to FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) and PATA (Provincially Administered Tribal Areas).
10.	It has organized annually since 1999 a Child Labor-Free Week from November 13 to 20, during which organizations and individuals throughout Pakistan organize activities to raise awareness about child labor and mobilize public and official support for its elimination.
11.	It formed and later served (to date) as the national secretariat of CACL (Coalition Against Child Labor) that now consists of more than 350 organizations, including trade unions.
12.	It established CRCs (Child Rights Committees) in more than 40 districts to monitor and advance child rights in their respective localities.
13.	It produced a large number of brochures on almost all aspects relating to child rights, almost all of which are available in Urdu.
14.	It produces an annual report, The State of Pakistan’s Children, monitoring the year’s developments with regard to child rights in Pakistan.
15.	It published three major books on child labor, juvenile justice and child rights – the first of their kind.
16.	It publishes a magazine newsletter entirely devoted to coverage of news relating to child rights in English, Urdu and Sindhi.
17.	SPARC publishes a biannual magazine, Discourse, on child rights.

2.4       VISION

A world in which children are valued and empowered and their rights promoted and protected.

2.5              MISSION STATEMENT

To promote and protect the rights of children and to empower them using international standards as a yardstick through advocacy supported by research, awareness raising, service delivery and human and institutional development.

SPARC was registered in December 1992 as a society under the Societies Registration Act 1860. 

SPARC has consultative status with the United Nations ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council) and the United Nations Department of Public Information. It also has partnership with Defense for Children International (DCI).

In 2003, SPARC received the United Nations Recognition Award in recognition of its work in highlighting the plight of children and promoting the rights of children in Pakistan.

In 2006 SPARC received USAID certification under the USAID Institutional Management Certification Programmer (IMCP).

2.6       OBJECTIVES OF SPARC

1.       SPARC has been instrumental introducing the concept of child rights and raising issues that were previously not part of the national debate.

2.   SPARC has found it useful to engage the government to convince it to keep commitments and bring about legislative changes were necessary.

3. SPARC act to protect the rights of the child to empower children with in the frame work of recognized standards through advocacy, research, outreach activities human development, and institutional capacity building

2.7     OFFICE

SPARC has offices in five cities: the head office is in Islamabad and provincial offices are in Peshawar, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi.  In addition there are three field offices; Hyderabad, Multan and Nowshera.

2.8              GOVERNING BODY

SPARC's Board of Directors comprises of leading civil society leaders and activists. The Board meets at least twice a year and provides support and guidance on policy issues, and also participates in various SPARC activities

2.9       OUTREACH
SPARC’s outreach at district level is based on Child Rights Committees (CRCs). These are volunteer groups consisting of local activists working on children’s issues. There are currently a total of 54 CRCs: 16 in Sindh, 20 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA, 16 in Punjab and 2 in Baluchistan.

2.10     SPARC APPROACH

Lobbying with government to make child rights a priority issue and develop legal and institutional mechanisms;

Accountability of state and society though media, conferences and periodic shadow reports to relevant international human rights committees;

Monitoring of the child rights situation in the country through annual status reports on children’s issues;

Research to assess and highlight issues facing children and make recommendations, and SPARC also works in the field of publication.