Introduction
The arms race is a competition for supremacy in nuclear non nuclear weapon between the the two or more than two
countries .In this regarding , South
Asia is the flashpoint of the world due to the arm race between India and
Pakistan.
The South Asia has always been very important region
in the world due to its sensitive geographical location. India and Pakistan are
two major countries of this region, which came into being in the year of 1947
as a result of the division of Sub-Continent .Both countries have strong affect
on south Asia, Both India and
Pakistan had never been cordial
relationship with each other because of various issues. There had always been a suspicion, hatred and distrust kind of
situation between them . since 1947 Tense and hostile situation has been
existing between these two countries, as a result of which both faced three wars and various crises and disputes
between them ,and that’s why there is trend of arm race from both sides.[1]
The two long-time South Asian rivals, are engaged in
the world's most active nuclear arms race . In May 1998, both India and Pakistan had
tested their nuclear devices and the region as a result of South Asia became a
nuclear flashpoint.[2] Although Pakistan and India are two
traditional hostile countries but both have also solved many disputes through
negotiation and still having agreements peace talks to resolve different
issues. But the tens and suspensions and mistrust is existing on both sides. As a major Nuclear powers
of South Asia, both have strong
influence on region and both countries does strongly mater in the stability and
instability of the region.
Historical
Background
Pakistan and India
have always been found in hostile situations sense independence. The two
countries have always been found to be engaged with some kind of disputes. Due
to these kinds of situations the two countries face three major wars. South
Asia became a nuclear flashpoint when the two rivals succeeded to be nuclear
power in 1998
In South Asia, India and Pakistan have been engaged in a technological
nuclear arms race since the 1970s. The nuclear competition started in 1974 with
India detonating the device, codename Smiling
Buddha, at the Pokhran region of the Rajasthan
state. The Indian
government termed this test as a "peaceful nuclear
explosion", but according to independent sources, it was
actually part of an accelerated covert nuclear program of India.
This test
generated great concern and doubts in Pakistan, with fear it would be at the
mercy of its long–time arch rival. Pakistan had its own covert atomic bomb projects in 1972 which extended over many years
since the first Indian weapon was detonated. After the 1974 test, Pakistan's
atomic bomb program picked up a great speed and accelerated its atomic project
to successfully build its own atomic weapons program. In the last few decades
of the 20th century, India and Pakistan began to develop nuclear-capable
rockets and nuclear military technologies. Finally, in 1998 India, under Atal Bihari Vajpayee government, test
detonated 5 more nuclear weapons. While the international response
to the detonation was muted, domestic pressure within Pakistan began to build
steam and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ordered the test, detonated 6 nuclear
war weapons in a tit-for-tat fashion and to act as a deterrent.
Research
Questions
·
Is there any chance of a nuclear
conflict breaking out in South Asia after the overt nuclearization of India and
Pakistan ?.
·
What are the factors that keep India and
Pakistan from stopping or reversing its nuclear weapon program?.
·
How arm race between India and Pakistan
can effect the strategic instability in South Asia?.
·
Is there any way to put an end to the
arm race between the two countries ?.
·
What are the benefits and drawbacks of
arm race for the both countries ?.
Objectives
The objectives of this
paper is to analyze the nature of the arm race between India and Pakistan, and
to find out the causes and drawbacks and benefits of arm race .to examine the strategic
instability in South Asia due to the arms race between India and Pakistan, and
to find out any possible solution to bring out the both countries of this
madness of arm race
Research
methodology
For this paper work I
will mostly collect data from concern books. I will also collect data from
journals, magazines, news papers , and related article and research papers. For
this research work I will also get help from internet by searching different
related websites. Interviews of concern doctors and professors of Peshawar
University and other universities will also be included in this paper work. I
will also get help of my class fellows and friends and family members in
collecting related materials and will get suggestions regarding to the research
work.
Literature review
The topic: (Arm race
between India and Pakistan and its implication on strategic instability of
south Asia) has been discussed by many writers. A very famous Indian writer
(Dhumitra Chakma) has put light on arm race between India and Pakistan and its
Effects on south Asia very briefly. In his book (south Asia’s nuclear security)
he examined the internal and external causes and consequences of nuclear arm
race between the two countries and its effects on south Asia, In his another
book (strategic dynamics nuclear weapons proliferation in south Asia) he
analyse that India and Pakistan’s decision to go nuclear against the odds of
nuclear non-proliferation treaty based nuclear order. It reflects upon the
factors that contributed to, and the process that prompted India and Pakistan’s
nuclear programs to take a military orientation, which eventually culminated in
the May, 1998 nuclear tests. It also explains the situation which underscored
both India and Pakistan’s determination to advance nuclear postures in 1998
that appeared to be inconsistent with the post cold war global strategic
involvement. Further his book explains why international and regional nuclear
non proliferation regimes were effective and preventing India and Pakistan from
going nuclear.
Although he did not
discussed that wither the to countries go for can go for nuclear war or
not ? ,and is there any possibility to
bring arm race to an end. But the work is still well enough for the related
topic and very useful.
Suggested
books
1)
Chakma,Bhumitra.(Dec
2014).South Asia nuclear security.2 park squre UK:Routledge publishers.
2)
Perkovich,George.(1999).India’s nuclear
bomb:The impact on global proliferation.New Delhi India:Oxford university
press.
3)
Shahi,Agha.(1988).Pakistan’s security
and foreign policy. publishers Zaildar inhhra Lahor Pakistan:Progressive publishers.
Journals
1)
Dalton, Toby.(2012).Understanding the
arm race in South Asia.Washington,D.C:Carnegie Endowment for international
peace publications department.
2)
Strategic stability in South Asia with
Brig(R)Feroz Hassan Khan.
News
papers
Syed,sajjad.(Jan
30,2015).Sartaj sees arm race in South Asia after India-US agreement.DAWN.
Ali, Iftikhar.(Nov
24,2014).Pakistan-India nuclear arm race unabated.The Nation.
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